Heater



Dec. 3, 1929. H. J. SAUVAGE HEATER 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Jan.125, 1928 Illllll Dec. 3, 1929. J, SAUVAGE 1,737,732

HEATER Original Filed Jan.. 13. 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Dec. 3, 1929, H..3. SAUVAGE 1,737,732

' l HEATER Original Filed Jan. 13. 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 57111/1/ll/Il/IllIllll/Il/L Patented Dec. 3, 1929 UNITED STATES i HERBERTJ. SAUVAGE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS HEATER Application filed January 13,1928, Serial No. 246,592. Renewed May 1, 1929.

this type which is highly etlicicnt and eifcctive in operation,simplicity of structure and economy of manufacture representing alsodesirable attributes.

A further aim of the invention is the pro- 3 duction of a heater whichwill not become damaged or injured through cessation ofthe flow of fluidundergoing heating or through termination of the operation of theapparatus.

In order to enable those skilled in this art to fully understand theinvention, both from structural and functional viewpoints, in theaccompanying dra-wings I haveiillustrated a present preferred embodimentof the ini vention, like reference characters being used to designatethe same parts throughout the several views.

In these drawings,-

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the new heater,

partly broken away near one end to illustrate the internal construction;

Fig. 2 is a central, vertical, longitudinal section through theappliance;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged, front-end view of the heater;

Fig. 4 is a vertical L1- 4 of Fig. 2';

Fig. 5 is a vertical, transverse section on line 5 5 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a sectional detail of the mountin of the front plate of theheater;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary end View of the Corrugated metal cylinder; and

Fig. 8 is an enlarged section on line 8 8 ,of Fig. G.

Referring to these drawings, it will be noted that the heater or furnaceis mounted on a pair of supports 11,11 and comprises a eylindrical,sheet-metal housing or casing 12 having an enlargement 13 near one end,such element 12, together with the portion 13, being covered withsuitable, heat-insulating material 14, such as is common in the trade,and containing a large percentage of magnesia.

lVithin such housing," there is a smaller,

cross-section on line longitudinallycorrugated or hollow-ribbed,sheet-metal cylinder or shell 15, the lengthwise, hollow, external ribsof which are gradi ually flattened and closed at one end, asvshown moreparticularly in Figs. 1 and 7.

At the front or firing end of the heater or furnace, such corrugatedcylinder is supported externally by means of a notched, metal ring 16fastened b bolts 17 to an anglebar ring 18 located insidie and the frontend of such cylinder is closed by a round plate 20 slidingly mounted ona plurality of threaded studs 19, 19 extended through holes in theplate, the inner ends of such studs occupying channels of the corrugatedcylinder and welded to the walls thereof, the rotruding portions of suchstuds havingwas ers 21 and nuts 22 with coiled springs 23 interposedbetween the washers and the outer face of the plate, whereby, if anexplosion or undue pressure should occur within the cylinder, it will beautomatically released by the outward movement of the plate, which willreturn to closed posltion as soon as the excess pressure terminates,such plate really constituting a self-closlng or automatic valve ofsubstantial size.

The rear end of cylinder 15 is formed with a plate 24, having a centralaperture or port 25 through which connects the lnterlor of the 80cylinder with the horizontal branch 26 of an upright flue 27, extendedthrough the outer shell 12, for the escape of the gases of combustion,the lower end of such passage belng closed by a trap door or hingedvalve 28. 85

As is clearly shown, the front end of the space between the outersurface of the corrugated cylinder 15 and the inner surface of thehousing 12'is closed or sealed by the plate or ring 16, which'isproperly shaped to lit the 90 external, wavy contour of the cylinder,but

the rear end of the housing 12' is open for the admission ofthe air tobe heated, which is supplied by a blower or pump, not shown.

The front end of the annular space referred to between the elements 15and 12 is joined to a hot-air exit or discharge flue 29 which isconnected to the enlargement 13 for the ready delivery of the heatedair, which has a single passage only along the outer surfaceof the ofthe outer casing, 60

corrugated cylinder from its admission port or opening to its dischargepassage, as will be readily understood from a consideration of Fig. 2 ofthe drawing.

The heater includes also a nozzle or burner 31 in front of a centralaperture 32 in the plate 20, which is in register with a passage 33through a fire-clay or other suitable firingblock 30 located just insideof the end plate 20, such nozzle or burner being desirably slightlyupwardly directed.

Cylinder 15 also houses a refractory combustion-chamber 34, of irregularcross-section, mounted on longitudinal angle-bars 35, 35 carried bysuitable supports 36, 36, the firing-block specified being also carriedon the front end portions of such angle-bars.

The front, open mouth of the combustionchamber is spaced away from thefiringblock as depicted, whereby to permit the escape at that point fromthe chamber of the greater portion of the combustion gases after theyhave traversed the length of the cham ber and returned to such entrance.

A refractory block 37 closes the rear end of the combustion-chamber, andit has the central aperture or port 38 therethrough for the discharge ordelivery of a small part only of the gases of combustion from thechamber, whereby to prevent the presence of a gas pocket at the back orinner part of such chamber, thus assuring its uniform and completeheating throughout its length.

All of the walls of the combustion-chamber are preferably made ofcarhorundum, which at present, is the best refractory material known toperform the desired functions, although other materials may be used toless advantage. y

The carborundum possesses the property of transmitting heat veryrapidly, and most of the heat of combustion is transferredY to thecorrugated-metal cylinder and the air flowing over it as radiant heatfrom the walls of such combustion-chamber.

As is shown, the combustion-chamber is shorter than its encasing, metal,hollowribbed cylindr or shell 15, and the latter, to the rear of andlspaced from the chambermember, accommodates a sheet-metal, cylindricalbaffle-member 41 closed at its end 42 adjacent to the chamber-member,the cylindrical, outer face of the element 41 being equipped with Aaplurality of spirally-disposed ribs 43, 43 which project at one endbeyond the member 41 to the end wall 24 of the corrugated cylinder, theouter edges of such fins bearing against the inner walls of thecorrugations of the surrounding cylinder, and in this way supporting themember 41 in the position specified.

Thus the hot gases of combustion, which must necessarily flow past thebaflle-member, are, by contact witlnthe spiral fins, given a swirling orcentrifugal action by reason of the curved arrangement of the fins orribs, hence more or less forcibly carrying such gases into thecorrugations and against the inner, metal face of the cylinder.

The operation of the heater or furnace occurs practically as follows Theflame, or combustion gases from the burner, is projected or extends intothe upper portion of the combustion-chamber, and the gaseous products ofcombustion flow to the inner or far end of the chamber, where a smallportion only of them escapes through the opening 38, the major portionof such hot gases, however, being compelled to reverse and fiow out theopen, front end of the chamber and through the space between the outersurface of the chamber-member and the inner, grooved surface of thecorrugated cylinder.

All of the hot gases from both exits of the chamber are compelled toflow over or around the bafile-member, and, by their centrifugal action,are thrust into and travel along the grooves or channels of the innerface of the cylinder 15, finally flowing through the port 25, passage 26and discharge flue 27.

The burning of the fuel in the chamber heats the walls of the latter toincandescence, and the greater portion of the heat developed istransmitted directly as radiant heat to the corrugated member, the hotgases also in direct contact with such member carrying some of the heatthereto.

The air to be heated, forced through the appliance, makes a single,direct pass along the outside of the corrugated member, and it iseffectively and efficiently heated thereby.

It is known that to abstract the heat from a metal body by a current ofair flowing there over, the higher the velocity of travel of such airthe greater will be the heat removal or transfer.

Consequently, in the present improved heater, by having one direct passonly of the air over and around ythe metal cylinder or shell, with noreversals, which would cause a substantial loss in static head, I amable to use much higher air velocities than are employed in present-day,air heaters, with the natural resultant improvement in the efficiency ofoperation of the apparatus.

It is to be noted that by eorrugatingthe metal of the heating cylinderor shell a substantial body of metal is provided to absorb the radiantheat transmitted from the het walls of the combustion-chamber, and suchformand style of heat-transferring, metal shell affords a largesurfaceffor contact with the escaping gases, as well as a correspondingsurface for direct association with the current of air undergoingtreatment.

The corrugated form of the metal cylinder is also useful because of theamount of nieta] therein to absorb the heat of the combustionchamber incase the supply of air passing over limits without departure from theheart and essence of the invention, and without the Sacrifice of any ofits substantial or material benefits and advantages.

I claim:

1. In a heater, the combination of an outer housing, a metal shellinside of said housing affording an air passage between them, acombustion-chamber member inside of and spaced away from said shell andhaving an opening at one end, means to project combustion gases intosaid chamber, through said opening, said chamber being constructed tocause the greater port-ion of such gases to leave said chamber through'the same opening through which they enter it, and means to cause suchdischarged gases to flow through the space between said chamber andshell, whereby the air traversing said air passage is heated by saidshell, the latter being heated by the radiant heat of saidchamber-member and by the hot gases'flowing in contact with the shell.

2. In a heater, the combination of an outer housing, alongitudinally-corrugated metal shell inside of said housing affordingan air passage between them, a combustion-chamber member inside *of andspaced away from said shell and having an opening at one end,

means to project combustion gases into said chamber, through saidopening, said chamber being constructed to cause the greater portion of'such gases to leave said chamber E through the same opening throughwhich they enter it, and means to cause such discharged gases to flowthrough the space betweensaid chamber and shell, whereby the airtraversing said air passage is heated by said shell, the latter beingheated by the radiant heat of said chamber-member and bly 1tlhe hotgases flowing'in contact with the s e 3. In a heater, the combination ofan outer housing, a metal shell inside of said housing affording an airpassage between them, a carborundum combustion-chamber member inside ofand spaced away from said shell and having an opening at one end, meansto pro-l ject combustion gases into said chamber, through said opening,said chamber being constructed to cause the greater portion of suchgases to leave said chamber throughA lby the radiant-heatof saidchamber-memthe same opening through which theyenter it, and means tocause such discharged gases to iow through the space between saidchamber and shell, whereby the air traversing said air passage is heatedby said shell, the latter 'being heated by the radiant heat of saidchamber-member and by the hot gases flowing in contact wit-h the shell.

4. In a heater, the combination of an outer housing, alongitudinally-corrugated metal shell inside of said housing affordingan air passage between them, a carborundum combustion-'chamber memberinside of and spaced away from said shell .and having an opening at oneend, means to project combustion gases into said chamber through saidopening, the chamber being constructed to cause the greater portion ofsuch gases to leave it through the same opening through which they enterit, and means to cause such dis-f charged gases to flow through thespace between said chamber-member and shell, whereby air traversing saidair passage is heated by said shell, the latter being heated by theradiant heat of said chamber-member and by the hot gases flowing incontact with the shell.

5. In a heater, the combination of an outer housing, a metal shellinside of said housing affording an air passage between them, acombustion-chamber member inside of' and spaced away from said shell andhaving an admission opening near one end and a small discharge openingnear its other end, means to project combustion gases into saidchambermember through said admission opening, the

greater portion of such gases leaving said chamber through saidadmission opening, and means to cause such discharged gases to flowthrough the space between said chamber- Ymember and shell, whereby airtraversing said air passage is heated by said shell, theF latter beingheated by the radiant heat of said chamber-member and by the hot gasesiowing in contact with the shell.

6. In a heater, the combination of an outer housing, a metal shellHinside of said .housing according'an air passage between them, acombustion-chamber member inside of and spaced away from said shell andhaving an admission opening near one end and a smaller discharge openingnear its other end of such size as to obtain substantially uniformheating of the chamber-Wall throughout its length, means to projectcombustion gases into said chamber through said admission opening, thegreater portion of such gases leaving said chamber through saidadmission opening, and means to cause such discharged gases to flowthrough the space between said chamber-member and shell,

whereby air traversing said air passage is heated by said shell, thelatter being heated u ber and b the hot gases flowing in contact 5 ofsaid housing aifording an air passage between them, a carborundumcombustionchamber member inside of and spaced away from said shell andhaving an admission opening near one end and a smaller discharge shellaround which the combustion gases pass, and spiral ribs on the outsideof said baille-member and reaching substantially to said shell, wherebythe gases passing said baille-member encounter said ribs and are therebygiven a swirling motion projecting them into the corrugation channels onthe inside of said shell.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

y opening near its other end of such size as to HERBERT J. SAUVAGE.

obtain substantially uniform heating of the v chamber-wall throughoutits length,meansto project .combustion gases into said chambermemberthrough said admission opening, the 15, greater portion of such gasesleaving said chamber through said admission opening, and means to causesuch discharged gases to liow through the space between saidchamber-member and shell, whereb, air travers-y 20 ing said air passageis heated by said shell, the latter being heated by the radiant heat ofsaid chamber-member and by the hot gases flowing in Contact with theshell.

8. ln a heater, the combination of an outer 25 housing,a'longitudinally-corrugated metal shell in said housing providing asingle, straight-direction-air passage between them, a refractorycombustion-chamber member inside of and spaced away from said shell,

0 affording a combustion gas passage between said chamber member andsaid shell, means to cause at least a portion of said combustion gases,to traverse said combustion gas passage, means to supply combustiongases inside of said chamber-member, and means permitting the dischargeof such gases from the apparatus.

9. ln a heater, the combination ot a retractory combustion-chambermember having an opening, means to project combustion gases into saidchamber, the chamber being constructed to compel the greater portion ofsaid gases to iind exit through said opening, and means permitting thedischarge of such gases from the apparatus.

l0. ln a heater, the combination ot a re- Y fractory combustion-chamber,member having an admission-opening and a smaller dis-- charge openingremote therefrom, means .to

project combustion gases into said chamber,

the greater portion of such gases nding exit through said admissionopening, said discharge opening being of such size as to perp mit such aquantity of said combustion gases to be delivered therethrough as tomaintain the walls of said chamber substantially uniformly heated, andmeans permitting the discharge of said gases from the apparatus.

1l. ln a heater, the combination of an outer l housing, a longitudinallycorrugatedy metal ,shell inside of said housing affording an air passagebetween them, a combustion-chambei1 member inside of and spaced awayfrom .said shell, means to project combustion` gases lnto said chamber,a baille-member in said llO

